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Mischling Test refers to the legal test under Nazi Germany's Nuremberg Laws that was applied to determine whether a person was considered a "Jew" or a "Mischling". ==Background== On 11 April 1933 the regime promulgated the ''First Supplementary Decree for the Execution of the Law of Restoration of the Professional Civil Service'', colloquially known as the ''First Racial Definition''. This implementing decree stipulated that a person would be regarded as a racial Jew for purposes of the law〔The law itself had been issued by decree on 7 April under the newly enacted Enabling Act of 1933.〕 if he had one Jewish parent or one Jewish grandparent, ''i.e.'' if the ancestor was "of the Jewish faith."〔The decree stipulated in particular that for purposes of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service A person is ... non-Aryan () ... descended from non-Aryan, especially Jewish, parents or grandparents. This holds true even if only one parent or grandparent is ... non-Aryan ... () especially obtains if one parent or grandparent was of the Jewish faith.See ''Mendes-Florh'' p. 642 for the text and for his commentary, in which he also notes that the term "non-Aryan" was the common circumlocution for "Jew" in legal documents until the Nuremberg Laws.〕 Under the law, Jews were to be discharged from the civil service, unless they had been employed since before World War I or unless they had fought on the front lines in the war, or had a father or son who had been killed in the war.〔 The "one Jewish grandparent" rule was predominant for a period of time in the Third Reich, and had typically been the test incorporated into the so-called Aryan Paragraph, which had been in currency before Hitler's assumption of power on 30 January 1933. However, various social and political factions militated in favor of a new set of discriminatory laws, which were forthcoming at the NSDAP party rally in 1935 in Nuremberg. The Nuremberg Laws,〔There were two racial laws originally decreed at the party rally itself. One was a "citizenship "law regulating citizenship, voting and office holding by Jews, and the other the so-called "blood" law, regulating marriage and sexual relations. The third, and notorious, "eugenics" law was decreed later.〕 as originally promulgated in September 1935, used the term "Jew" but did not define the term. The definition of the term was problematic for the Nazis and it was not until the issuance of a supplementary regulation in mid-November 1935 that a legal test that was specific to the Nuremberg laws was formally published. The original draftsmen of the Nuremberg Laws, puzzled over the problem and pressed for a quick solution, solved it by the simple expedient of limiting the meaning of the term to encompass only "full Jews" ((ドイツ語: Volljuden)). This test was relatively easy to state and apply, but Hitler vetoed the idea, without stipulating what he wanted as a replacement. Meetings among Government and Party officials after the September 1933 annual Nuremberg party rally revealed the existence of two factions: *the radicals, generally non-government party officials, who wanted a broad meaning of the term "Jew," with the concomitant effect of a stricter standard for having "German blood." Their focus was ideological and their justification was the extreme Hitlerian rhetoric of the last ten years. The radicals wanted "quarter-Jews" classified as "Jews": a person with one Jewish grandparent would be deemed "Jewish." Persons with less Jewish ancestry would be considered "Mischlinge."〔The "one-fourth" standard advocated here was, in fact, very similar to the standard that had been decreed in the First Racial Decree. Goebbels, although a prominent member of the government, was a leading radical.〕 *the pragmatists, generally government officials, who were concerned with foreign policy and international implications, including possible economic sanctions at a time that the economy of Nazi Germany was still fragile. Their view was that only persons with three or four Jewish grandparents would be classified as "Jewish," with others considered "Mischlinge."〔There had been considerable intermarriage between Jews and Christians during Weimar, and even before, and there was concern about the social disruption that might arise if too broad a definition of "Jew" was decreed. Furthermore, military conscription had been decreed by Hitler in early 1935 (in a complete flaunting of the detested Versailles), and there was concern about the impact of a broad definition of "Jew" on the dramatic expansion of the new Army (with its draftees): how would a new recruit react to a letter from home informing him that his father was, in fact, now considered to be "Jewish" and was as a consequence no longer a citizen of the Reich?〕〔Before 1875, there was no civil marriage in Germany. Accordingly, in the case of a Jewish-Christian intermarriage, one spouse had to convert to the faith of the other. Almost without exception, the Jewish partner converted to Christianity. ''Holocaust and History'' p. 118.〕 Obviously there was a considerable divergence of opinion. The resulting compromise was implemented by the First Supplementary Decree.〔''See Kershaw'' p. 551-570 for history of the laws and the negotiations.〕 The practical application of "mischling" first and second degree were further elaborated in the Wannsee Conferences and meetings on the "final solution". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mischling Test」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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